Constructed wetlands have emerged as a feasible alternative for treatment of domestic wastewater in areas with landscape precincts, poor soil conditions, and high water tables, which limit installation of full-scale adsorption fields. Good removal efficiencies, relatively low costs, water and nutrient reuse opportunities and other ancillary benefits ensured that constructed treatment wetlands (CWs) have become an accepted option for the treatment of domestic wastewater. This research consider the use of constructed wetland ecosystem in waste water treatment on small scale and how it may be exploited for the treatment of waste water from the local community. A vertical subsurface constructed wetland was prepared using ceramic pipe of 10 cm diameters and 28cm length filled with locally available soil-sand mixture (40:60). Five local plants Typha latifolia, Phragmites karka, Canna indica, Syngonium podophyllum and Panicum mutica were used in different constructed wetlands. The efficiency of these plants was compared with a system containing soil and sand alone. Each system was fed intermittently with same volume (0.5305m3) and flow rate (0.425 lit/day) of sewage having a hydraulic loading rate of 0.801m3 /per day for 5 days of hydraulic retention time. Treatment efficiency was evaluated for parameters such as BOD5 ,COD, DO, pH Typha latifolia, Phragmites karka, Canna indica, Syngonium podophyllum, Panicum mutica and unplanted wetland cells were found to have BOD5 (44.80%, 56.84%, 31.85%, 36.04%, 40.20.00%, 7.54%), COD (35.26%, 43.71%,27.21%, 22.91%, 30.12%, 5.59%) removal respectively. Wetland planted with Phragmites karka was found to have high removal efficiency than wetland planted with other plant. In all the six wetland sets DO was found to be increased significantly.
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